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The Genus Eminium by Peter Boyce
Eminium
(Blume) Schott, Aroideae 16 (1855, “1853”). Lectotype:
E. spiculatum (Blume) Schott (Arum spiculatum Blume)
Helicophyllum Schott, Aroideae 20 (1855, “1853”), non
Bridel (1827).
Medium-sized, seasonally
dormant herbs, tuber sub-globose with waxy powder apically
and between cataphylls. Leaves 3 – 6 (– 8); petiole
sheath relatively long; lamina oblong-elliptic (E. lehmannii,
E. regelii, E. koenenianum), linear- to auriculate-hastate, or pedatifid-pedatisect
with lobes of posterior divisions held ± erect in a spiral on the twisted
basal ribs; primary lateral veins of lobes pinnate, forming submarginal collective
vein, higher order venation reticulate. Inflorescence solitary,
appearing with leaves, always smelling foetid; peduncle much
shorter than petiole of subtending leaf, apex often greatly thickened; spathe
marcescent, tube with convolute margins, subventricose to oblong, blade oblong
or ovate-oblong, erect, inner surface sometimes densely
rugose-wrinkled (E. spiculatum); spadix sessile,
slender, shorter than spathe, female zone short-cylindric,
separated from male zone by longer zone bearing usually scattered sterile
flowers, male zone ellipsoid to cylindric, shorter, equalling
or longer than female; appendix usually relatively short,
elongate-clavate, stoutly to narrowly cylindric, sessile or stalked, smooth
or rugose (E. koenenianum, E. spiculatum); flowers
unisexual, perigone absent; staminate flowers 2-androus,
stamens free, anthers subsessile to sessile, connective slender, thecae oblong-ellipsoid,
dehiscing by apical slit; staminodes composed of subulate, sometimes flattened,
patent, straight to slightly curved processes; female flowers ovary
ellipsoid-obovoid, 1-locular, ovules 2, orthotropous, funicle short, placenta
basal to subbasal, stylar region short to inconspicuous, stigma hemispheric;
berry subglobose, 1(–2) seeded; seed obnapiform to
subglobose, testa leathery, rugose, with large strophiole, embryo small, elongate,
endosperm copious. 2n = 24, 28.
DISTRIBUTION.
Afghanistan, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia,
Lebanon, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenestan, Uzbekistan.
ECOLOGY. Warm
temperate and subtropical habitats in fields, savannas, semideserts, deserts;
geophytes, stony or sandy ground, consolidated sand.
ETYMOLOGY. From
an ancient name eminion, mentioned by Dodoens in 1574.
Key
to Species of Eminium
| 1.
Spathe limb interor warty and wrinkled ..................................................................................................... |
|
2 |
| Spathe
limb interior smooth ....................................................................................................................
|
|
3 |
| 2.
Flowering diurnal. Spathe limb 12 – 20 cm x 7 – 14 cm; spathe
tube 8 – 12 cm x 2.5 – 4 cm diam. .............. |
|
1a.
spiculatum ssp. spiculatum |
| Flowering
nocturnal. Spathe limb 5 – 11 x 4 – 7; spathe tube 5 –
8 x 1.7 3 diam. ..................................... |
|
1b.
spiculatum ssp. negevense |
| 3.
Peduncle thickened markedly towards its junction with the spathe ............................................................. |
|
4 |
| Peduncle
not or scarcely thickened towards its junction with the spathe .................................................... |
|
9 |
| 4.
Leaves with highly divided posterior lobes ................................................................................................
|
|
5 |
| Leaves
entire or with only two orders of posterior lobe division ................................................................... |
|
7 |
| 5.
Anterior lobe of leaf lanceolate, acute, posterior lobe divisions narrowly
lanceolate to linear, ± strongly involute.
Spathe erect to reflexed; spadix appendix slender cylindrical ........................................................
|
|
2.
albertii |
Anterior
lobe of leaf broadly oblong, obtuse, posterior lobe divisions broadly
linear, ± flat,
occasionally suberect. Spathe incurved over the
spadix, sometimes almost cucullate; spadix appendix conical
to broadly cylindrical .................................................................................................................. |
|
6 |
6.
Spadix appendix short-stalked, ± broadly cylindrical to slightly
conical .......................................................
|
|
5a.
rauwolfii var. rauwolfii |
|
Spadix appendix sessile, strongly conical ...............................................................................................
|
|
5b.
rauwolfii var. kotschyi |
| 7. Spadix
appendix ± sessile, tapering gradually proximally; staminodes dense |
|
8. regelii |
| Spadix
appendix distinctly stipitate; staminodes scattered |
|
8 |
| 8. Leaves
entire, green with white patches. Spadix appendix rugulose; staminodes
all subulate |
|
6.
koenenianum |
| Leaf
with posterior lobes with one or two orders of division, very rarely entire,
grey-green. Spadix appendix smooth; upper staminodes
subulate, lower staminodes flattened |
|
4. heterophyllum |
| 9. Leaves
with much divided posterior lobes. Spadix appendix slender to broadly
conical |
|
3. intortum |
| Leaves
entire. Spadix appendix slender cylindrical |
|
7. lehmannii |
1.
Eminium spiculatum
(Blume) Schott, Syn. Aroid.: 17 (1856).
Arum spiculatum Blume, Rumphia 1: 121 (1836).
Helicophyllum spiculatum (Blume) Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 113
(1860).
1a. subsp. spiculatum
Dracunculus minor Blume, Rumphia 1: 125 (1837).
Arum crassipes Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 13: 9 (1854).
Helicophyllum crassipes (Boiss.) Schott, Syn. Aroid.: 22 (1856).
Helicophyllum angustatum Schott, Syn. Aroid.: 22 (1856).
Helicophyllum loftusii Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7: 263 (1857).
Helicophyllum dracunculus Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 115 (1860).
Helicophyllum crassipes f. tigrina Engl. in A.L.P.de Candolle
& A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 2: 600 (1879).
Eminium spiculatum
var. tigrinum (Engl.) Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 23F: 130 (1920).
DISTRIBUTION. Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Egypt, N Iran, N
Iraq.
1b. subsp. negevense
Koach & Feinbrun, in Fl. Palaestina 4: 397 (1986).
DISTRIBUTION. Israel (Sinai).
2. Eminium albertii
(Regel) Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 23F: 131 (1920).
Helicophyllum albertii Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk. Bot. Sada
8: 683 (1884).
DISTRIBUTION. Afghanistan, Turkmenestan, Uzbekistan.
3. Eminium intortum
(Banks & Sol.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 741 (1891).
Arum intortum Banks & Sol. in A.Russell, Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 264
(1794).
Helicophyllum intortum
(Banks & Sol.) Eig, J. Bot. 75: 189 (1937).
Helicophyllum olivieri Schott, Syn. Aroid.: 22 (1856).
Helicophyllum russelianum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 118 (1860).
DISTRIBUTION. S & E Turkey, Syria.
4. Eminium heterophyllum (Blume) Schott, Syn. Aroid.:
17 (1856).
Arum heterophyllum Blume, Rumphia 1: 121 (1836).
Eminium intortum subsp. heterophyllum (Blume) Riedl, in
Fl. Iraq 8: 199 (1985).
Helicophyllum aucheri Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 113 (1860).
DISTRIBUTION. SE Turkey, Syria, SW Iran.
5. Eminium rauwolffii (Blume) Schott, Syn. Aroid.:
17 (1856).
Arum rauwolffii Blume, Rumphia 1: 122 (1836).
Helicophyllum rauwolffii (Blume) Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 113
(1860).
5a. var. rauwolffii
Helicophyllum luph Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 118 (1860).
DISTRIBUTION. SE Turkey, N Syria.
5b. var. kotschyi
(Schott) Riedl, Aroideana 3: 23 (1980).
Helicophyllum kotschyi Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid.: 144 (1860).
Helicophyllum rauwolffii var. kotschyi (Schott) Engl. in
A.L.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 2: 599 (1879).
Eminium intortum
var. kotschyi (Schott) Engl., Pflanzenr., IV, 23F: 130 (1920).
Eminium intortum subsp. kotschyi (Schott) Riedl, Ann. Naturhist.
Mus. Wien 73: 111F: 130 (1969).
DISTRIBUTION. S Turkey, Syria.
6.
Eminium koenenianum Lobin & P.C.Boyce, Willdenowia
20: 43 (1991).
DISTRIBUTION. NE Turkey.
7. Eminium lehmannii
(Bunge) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 741 (1891).
Biarum lehmannii Bunge, Mém. Sav. Étr. Acad. St. Pétersbourg
7: 327 (1851).
Ischarum lehmannii (Bunge) Schott, Syn. Aroid.: 7 (1856).
Helicophyllum lehmannii (Bunge) Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Petersburgsk.
Bot. Sada 7: 549 (1880).
Typhonium crassifolium Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 10 (1852).
Helicophyllum crassifolium
(Ledeb.) Engl. in A.L.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr.
Phan. 2: 597 (1879).
Eminium ledebourii Schott, Syn. Aroid.: 17 (1856).
DISTRIBUTION. Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Turkmenestan, Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan.
8. Eminium regelii
Vved. in Schreder (ed.), Fl. Uzbekist. 1: 540 (1941).
DISTRIBUTION. Kirghizia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.
Aroideana has 8 articles on Eminium. Click Here to see them all.
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