Anthurium panduratum Schott, Oeslcrr. Bot. Z. 8: 182. 1858, non Man. ex Schott, 1855. TYPE: Costa Rica. San Miguel, Wendland 776 (GOET, holotype)

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Epiphyte or occasionally terrestrial; stems usually less than 30 cm long, occasionally to 1 m long; roots numerous, scattered along stem; cataphylls moderately thin, 15-25 cm long, narrowly acuminate at apex, drying tan (B & K Yellow-red 9/10) usually deciduous, with a few thin fibers sometimes persisting.

LEAVES moderately thin; petioles 25-73 cm long, 3-7 mm diam., terete, sometimes weakly sulcatc; geniculum 1.5-2 cm long; blades hastate-trilobate, erect or spreading from the erect petioles, 20-65 cm long, 10-43 cm wide, gradually to abruptly acuminate at apex, prominently lobed at base; anterior lobe 21-55 cm long, constricted near base; posterior lobes nearly orbicular (or rarely oblong), some
times directed conspicuously upward from point of petiole attachment; sinus usually spathulate or hippocrepiform sometimes parabolic, usually rounded at apex; both surfaces semiglossy to glossy; midrib obtusely raised above, sunken toward apex, prominently raised below; primary lateral veins 15-30 per side, departing midrib at 45°-50° angle, sunken above, raised below; lesser veins less conspicuous; basal veins 5-9 pairs, 3-4 coalesced 1-4.5 cm; posterior rib naked, weakly turned up along outer margin; collective vein arising from one of the lowermost basal veins and extending to apex, 3-7 mm from the margin.

INFLORESCENCE erect, shorter than leaves; peduncle (5)11-20(32) cm long, 4-6 mm diam., terete; spathe moderately thin, pale green, some-limes tinged reddish, oblong-lanceolate, 6.3-19 cm long, 2.7-3.5 cm wide, abruptly acuminate at apex, rounded at base, inserted al 60° angle on peduncle; spadix golden yellow (B & K Yellow-red 8/10), 7-18 cm long, 7-9 mm diam. midway, tapered to 4-6 mm at apex; the flowers sub-4-lobed, 2.5-3 mm long, 2.9-3.3 mm wide, the sides ± straight to jaggedly sigmoid; 6-9 flowers visible in the principal spiral, 6-10 flowers visible in the alternate spiral; lepals yellow, glossy, lateral tepals 1-1.5 mm wide, the inner margin convex; pistils weakly emergent, pale green, translucent; stigma linear, ca. 0.3 mm long, brushlike and glistening as anthers emerge; stamens emerging in scattered manner slowly from base to apex, exserted to ca. 1.3 mm on white or translucent, flat filaments, the exserted portion of the filaments ca. 0.3 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; anthers yellow, 0.5-0.6 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide; thecae divaricate; pollen golden yellow.

INFRUCTESCENCE arching-pendcnt: the spadix to 23 cm long; berries pale green, ovoid, 5-7 mm long; seeds 2, greenish-white, 2.6-3 mm long, 2.3-2.5 mm wide, 0.8-1 mm thick. Figs. 127 and 130.

The species is known from Costa Rica to Colombia and probably Ecuador at 400 to 1,560 m elevation in tropical wet, premontane rain, and lower montane rain forest. In Costa Rica, the species ranges from Bijagua in the north to Ta-panti in the south on the Atlantic slope. In Panama the species occurs on both slopes.
Anthurium panduriforme is distinguished by its almost orbicular posterior lobes (sometimes more elongate in Panama, particularly collections made at Cerro Tute, near Santa Fe, Veraguas), its characteristically yellow-green, shiny lower blade surface, and its golden yellow spadix with yellow pollen. The species is apparently not related to any other Central American species. It is probably best placed in section Polyneurium and is no doubt related to other South American species such as A. argyrostachyum Sodiro of Ecuador that have numerous closely parallel primary lateral veins.

 
 Map of Mesoamerican specimens with coordinates

Costa Rica Alajuela: 900-1000 m, 10.12.40N 84.36.20W, 17 January 1991, Jens Bittner 298 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 900-1000 m, 10.12.40N 84.36.20W, 4 February 1991, Jens Bittner 604 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: R.F. San Ramón; Cordillera de Tilarán, 800-900 m, 10.13.10N 84.35.35W, 30 April 1993, Hazel Gutiérrez, R. Guzmán, F. Araya & M. Segura 34 (CR).
Costa Rica Alajuela: R.B. Monteverde; Cordillera de Tilarán, 1000 m, 10.17.40N 84.45.00W, 19 February 1992, Erick Bello 4420 (CR).
Costa Rica Alajuela: R.F. San Ramón; Cordillera de Tilarán, 1000-1100 m, 10.12.55N 84.36.25W, 29 April 1993, M. Segura, J.F. Morales & Curso de Botánica 50 (CR).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 925 m, 10.11N 84.30W, 3 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat 78839 (IBM, MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 700-800 m,, 18 April 1976, John and Kathy Utley 4687 (MO).
Costa Rica Guanacaste: P.N. Guanacaste; Cordillera de Guanacaste, 1100 m, 10.54.42N 85.27.58W, 17 June 1995, J.F. Morales 4671 (CR).
Costa Rica Heredia: P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 1150 m,, 23 Jan 1983, Garwood et al. 412 (BM).
Costa Rica Heredia: 1060 m, 10.16N 84.05W, 18 April 1988, B.A. Loiselle 381 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: 1350 m,, 26 May 1976, Thomas B. Croat 35587 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 850 m, 9.47.40N 83.06.30W, 8 April 1989, Rafael Robles & Abelardo Chacón 2723 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1100-1750 m, 8.35N 81.54W, 27-31 Mar 1986, Barry Hammel & J. Trainer 14918 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, 1500 m, 8.35N 81.50W, 8 July 1988, Croat 69210 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: Cerro Colorado, 1450-1480 m, 8.35N 81.50W, 7 Jul 1988, Croat 69140 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 950-1100 m, 8.48N 82.10W, 7 March 1986, Gordon McPherson 8679 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1500 m, 8.35N 81.45W, 12 April 1986, Gordon McPherson 8819 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1400 m, 8.35N 81.45W, 14 April 1986, Gordon McPherson 8896 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: Fortuna Dam Area, 1300 m, 8.43N 82.14W, 24 Feb. 1985, Hampshire & Whitefoord 37 (BM). Panama Chiriquí:, 7 Apr. 1987, Valdespino , I. et al. 450 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 600-800 m, 08.38N 08.35W, 8 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 77199 (CM, GB, MEXU, MO, NY, SEL, STRI).
Panama CoclŽ: 680-770 m, 08.39N 80.36W, 25 March 1993, Thomas B. Croat 74825 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: La Mesa, 850-950 m, 8.37N 80.08W, 14 July 1987, Croat 67304 (MO).
Panama Darien: 1250-1500 m, 7.45N 77.40W, 3 March 1988, Gordon McPherson 12210 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-950 m, 8.33N 81.08W, 29 June 1987, Thomas B. Croat 66991 (MO).

Map of South American Specimens with coordinates

Colombia Antioquia: Las Orquideas, 1400-1430 m, 6.32N 76.19W, 28 mar. 1988, A. Cogollo et al. 2726 (MO).
Colombia Antioquia: 1440 m, 6.05N 75.00W, 26 June 1987, Callejas et al. 4245 (NY). Colombia Antioquia: 300 m,, 29 Apr 1977, Callejas 199 (HUA).
Colombia Antioquia: 1490-1600 m, 6.55N 75.04W, 3 Oct. 1992, Fonnegra & Palinologia 4501 (MO).
Colombia Antioquia: 150 m, 06.55N 75.03W, 24 May 1989, Daly & Escobar 6089 (NY).
Colombia Choco: 1430 m, 4.53.0N 76.13.0W, 12 May 1983, Thomas B. Croat 56706 (MO).
Colombia Choco: 910-920 m, 5.45.00N 76.21.30W, 11 March 1984, Thomas B. Croat 57346 (CM, COL, F, JAUM, MEXU, MO, NY, QUIBDO).
Colombia Choco:, 8 Nov 1972, Madison 824 (SEL).
Colombia Narino: Valley of Río Imbí, 1100 m, 1.08N 77.56W, 14 March 1990, Thomas B. Croat 71421 (K, MEXU, MO, US).
Colombia Risaralda: 1890 m,, 21 Feb. 1990, Thomas B. Croat 70828 (MO).
Colombia Risaralda: 1550 m,, 29 Mar. 1992, Alonso et al. 9572 (COL).
Colombia Risaralda: 1400 - 1800 m,, 20 Sept. 1991, Alonso et al. 9126 (COL).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 03.31N 76.45W, 9 July 1993, Thomas B. Croat & Dorothy Bay 75601 (MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 900 m, 03.28N 76.38W, 12 Feb. 1990, Thomas B. Croat & Jonathan Watt 70483 (MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1300 m, 3.33N 76.44W, 22 Mar 1984, Croat 57595 (COL).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: Estacion Microndas Tokio, 2.27N 76.45W, 27 Sept 1980, Thomas B. Croat 50182 (MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: Estacion Microndas Tokio, 2.27N 76.45W, 27 Sept 1980, Thomas B. Croat 50176 (MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: Estacion Microndas Tokio, 2.27N 76.45W, 26 Sept 1980, Thomas B. Croat 50161 (MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: Estacion Microndas Tokio, 2.27N 76.45W, 26 Sept 1980, Thomas B. Croat 50156 (MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: Estacion Microndas Tokio, 2.27N 76.45W, 27 Sept 1980, Thomas B. Croat 50190 (CM, MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1900 m,, 5 June 1994, Gensini, Jorge Giraldo 273 (MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1900 m,, 8 May 1994, Gensini, Jorge Giraldo 322 (MO).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1900 m, 03.30.50N 076.36.30W, 10 July 1997, Thomas B. Croat & John F. Gaskin 79638 .
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1400 m, 03.31.00N 076.44.00W, 10 July 1997, Thomas B. Croat & John F. Gaskin 79659 .
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 220 - 230 m, 03.37.00N 076.58.00W, 12 July 1997, Thomas B. Croat & John F. Gaskin 79734 .
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 220 - 230 m, 03.37.00N 076.58.00W, 12 July 1997, Thomas B. Croat & John F. Gaskin 79744 .
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1945 m, 03.32.22N 076.38.00W, 17 July 1997, Thomas B. Croat & John F. Gaskin 79971 .
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1945 m, 03.32.10N 076.36.37E, 17 July 1997, Thomas B. Croat & John F. Gaskin 79984 .
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1250 m, 03.32.23N 076.45.26W, 26 July 1997, Thomas B. Croat & John F. Gaskin 80357 .
Ecuador Carchí: El Pailon, 800 m,, 29 Nov 1979, Madison & Besse 7180 (SEL).
Ecuador Carchí: El Pailon, 800 m,, 29 Nov 1979, Madison & Besse 7177 (SEL).
Ecuador Esmeraldas: 550-650 m,, 9 Jun 1978, Madison et al. 5058 (SEL).
Ecuador Esmeraldas: 647 m, 00.52.51N 078.28.30W, 30 June 1998, Thomas B. Croat, Richard Mansell, Lynn Hannon & Jane Whitehill 82144 (MO).
Ecuador Pichincha: 700 m, 0.16N 79.07W, 03 Apr 1983, Thomas B. Croat 55740 (MO).
Ecuador Pichincha: 750 m, 0.05N 79.02W, 15 Jul 1986, Thomas B. Croat & Jimena Rodríguez B. 61468 (CM, G, K, MO, QCA).
Ecuador Pichincha: 600-675 m, 00.37S 79.18W, 10 Apr 1989, Mike Grayum & Nelson Zamora 9402 (MO!).
Ecuador Pichincha: Reserva Endesa, 800 m,, 25 Mar 1985, Harling & Andersson 23322 (GB).
Ecuador Pichincha: Reserva Endesa, 800 m,, 23 Mar 1985, Harling & Andersson 23247 (GB).
Ecuador Pichincha: 800 m, 00.05N 079.02W, 19 Feb 1984, Jimena Rodriguez 198 (QCA).
Ecuador Pichincha: 00.05N 079.02W, , Jimena Rodriguez 225 (QCA).
Ecuador Pichincha: 00.05N 079.02W, , Jimena Rodriguez 395A (QCA).
Ecuador Pichincha: 00.05N 079.02W, , Jimena Rodriguez 419 (K, QCA). Ecuador Pichincha: 00.05N 079.02W, , Jimena Rodriguez 423 (QCA).
Ecuador Pichincha: 00.05N 079.02W, , jaramillo 7626 (QCA).