Anthurium caperatum Croat & Baker,

Brenesia 16 (Supl. I): 32. 1979. TYPE: Costa Rica. Heredia: vicinity of Bajo la Hondura, along road between Paracito and the Río Claro, 1,100-1,400 m elev.; Croat 44518 (MO-2598657-58, holotype; CR, F, US, isotypes; Live at MO).

Epiphytic near the ground or terrestrial: roots (1)3-5 mm diam., directed outward and downward; stem 60-120 cm long, 2.5-5 cm diam.; leaf scars 2.5-4.5 cm wide, cataphylls coriaceous, green tinged with purple, 14-40 cm long, narrowly rounded at apex with a subapical apiculum ca. 3 mm long, drying pale brown, weathering into fine fibers.

LEAVES erect-spreading; petioles 24-109 cm long, 6-15 mm diam., subterete, shallowly and bluntly sulcate; geniculum 1.5-5 cm long; blades ovate to narrowly ovate, subcoriaceous, usually weakly bullate, abruptly to gradually acuminate at apex, prominently lobed at base, 46-120 cm long, 30-69 cm wide, broadest at point of petiole attachment; anterior lobe 26-90 cm long, the margins ± straight; posterior lobes 12-30 cm long, flat or directed inward, often overlapping, the sinus spathulate, obovate or hippocrepiform, broadly acute to obtuse or rounded at apex; upper surface semiglossy or almost matte; lower surface matte; midrib sharply raised in a weak valley above, diminished and sunken near apex, convexly raised below, sometimes weakly ribbed or striate; basal veins 4-9 pairs, (second) fourth to seventh coalesced (2)4.5-9 cm, raised above and below, the posterior rib stout, curved or nearly straight, naked, rolled up along the outer margin; primary lateral veins 9-18 per side, departing midrib at 55° angle, ± straight to slightly ascending to a weak collective vein, sharply raised in weak valleys above, raised below; collective vein usually arising from fourth or fifth basal vein, sunken above and raised below, 1-4(10) mm from the margin, loop-connecting the basal and primary lateral veins.

INFLORESCENCE erect, much shorter than the leaves; peduncle 6-54 cm long, 8-13 mm diam., subterete or terete, as long as petioles; spathe thin, pale green (B & K Yellow-green 7/10), lanceolate-oblong, 10-28 cm long, 3.3-4.8 cm wide, broadest in lower third, sometimes erect, usually spreading to reflexed, often twisted and rolled up, inserted at 10°-30° angle on peduncle; spadix sessile, pale green (B & K Green 8/2.5), (3)7-18(28) cm long, 10-20 mm diam. at base, 6-12 mm diam. at apex; flowers 4-lobed, to 1.8 mm long, to 1.5 mm wide, the sides jaggedly sigmoid; 12-15 flowers visible in the principal spiral, 17-19 flowers visible in the alternate spiral; tepals semiglossy, the lateral tepals to 1 mm wide, the inner margin ± straight; pistils slightly emergent, very glossy, whitish green with darker green slig-matic area; the stigma elliptic, 0.2 mm long, glossy, exsertcd with glistening papillae; stamens emerging scattered throughout the spadix, sometimes with the alternate stamens preceding the lateral ones; filaments ca. 1 mm long, anthers pale yellow, ca. 4 mm long and 5-6 mm wide; thecae oblong; pollen yellow, fading white.

INFRUCTESCENCE usually pendent, spathe often absent; spadix 15-40 cm long, to 2.5 cm diam.; berries ovate to ovate-elliptic, acute to rounded and green at apex, greenish-white to yellowish-green at base (white fide label of Alien 2419) to 9 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide; seeds 2, oblong and ± flattened, dark brown, 3.5-5 mm long, 2.2-2.4 mm wide, 1.5-1.8 mm thick. Figs. 24 and 25.

The species is known from Costa Rica and Panama and is to be expected in Colombia on the southwestern slopes of the Serrania de Pirre. It occurs on both the Atlantic and Pacific slopes. In Costa Rica, it ranges between 850 and 2,000 m but in Panama it has been collected as low as 400 m. The species inhabits premontane wet forest, premontane rain forest and lower montane rain forest.
Anthurium caperatum is recognized by its large, ovate leaves that have most of the veins of the upper surface sunken, giving the leaf a slightly bullate appearance, and a collective vein which arises from one of the lower pairs of basal veins. Other characteristic features include the green, brittle spathe, the pale green spadix, prominently exserted stamens, exserted pistils, greenish berries, and the dominance of pale green and yellowish pigments on all pans of the dried plant.
The species is similar to Anthurium panamense Croat (ined.), but that species has more elongate blades which are glossier on the upper surface, less protruded styles, weakly ribbed petioles, and red berries. The sectional placement of A. caperatum is as yet uncertain. It appears to be related to South American species in the A. corrugatum Sodiro complex. These were placed in section Polyneurium by Engler.

Map of Mesoamerican specimens with coordinates

Costa Rica Alajuela: 1100-1300 m, 10.12.40N 84.36.20W, 4 February 1991, Jens Bittner 527 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 900-1000 m, 10.12.40N 84.36.20W, 4 February 1991, Jens Bittner 545 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela:, , Brenes 13510 (F).
Costa Rica Alajuela:, , Baker et al. 226 (F).
Costa Rica Alajuela: Río Aquilar,, , Lent 3255 (F).
Costa Rica Alajuela:, , Smith 928 (F).
Costa Rica Alajuela:, 29 junio 1985, William A. Haber & Eric Bello C. 1751 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 1300-1400 m, 10.02N 84.28W, 3 Apr. 1982, Barringer et al. 2314 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 925 m, 10.11N 84.30W, 3 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat 78844 (INB, MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: Cerro Carpintera,, , Standley 35575 (US).
Costa Rica Cartago: Cerro Carpintera,, , Standley 35663 (US).
Costa Rica Cartago: Cordillera de Talamanca,, , Williams 16417 (EAP, F).
Costa Rica Cartago:, , Burger & Rammirez 4015 (CR, F).
Costa Rica Cartago:, , Ocampo 1431 (CR).
Costa Rica Cartago:, , Ocampo 1433 (CR).
Costa Rica Cartago:, , Luteyn 3330 (DUKE).
Costa Rica Cartago: Río Tapemechin,, , Lent 3734 (F).
Costa Rica Cartago: Alto Patillos,, , Lent 1082 (CR, F).
Costa Rica Cartago: Río Grande de Orosi,, , Lent 941 (F).
Costa Rica Cartago:, , Thomas B. Croat 43358 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: Río Grande de Orosi,, , Burger & Stolze 5659 (CR, F).
Costa Rica Cartago: Río Grande de Orosi,, , Burger & Liesner 6855 (F).
Costa Rica Cartago: Río Grande de Orosi,, , Burger & Burger 7584 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: Río Grande de Orosi,, , Burger & Burger 7585 (F, NY).
Costa Rica Cartago: Río Grande de Orosi,, , Burger & Gentry 9203 (F).
Costa Rica Cartago: Tapantí Hydroelectric Reserve,, , Thomas B. Croat 36069 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: Tapantí Hydroelectric Reserve, 1600-1700 m,, 25 June 1976, Thomas B. Croat 36216 (MO). Costa Rica Cartago:, , Thomas B. Croat 36616 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago:, , Thomas B. Croat 36679 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: Tapantí Watershed Preserve,, 5 Feb 1979, Thomas B. Croat 47041 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: P.N. Tapantí; Valle del Reventazón, 1300 m, 09.45.20N 83.47.00W, 20 July 1994, Eduardo Lépiz 488 (CR).
Costa Rica Cartago: 1250-1350 m, 09.45.20N 83.47.00W, 7 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat 79031 (INB, MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: 1740 m, 10.12.39N 84.06.45W, 9 October 1992, Brad Boyle 1085 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 500 m, 10.19.45N 84.04.50W, 13 December 1989, Abelardo Chacón & Edgar Corrales 647 (CR, MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: 1850-2000 m, 10.12N 84.07W, 20 April 1986, Michael H. Grayum 7315 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: 700-750 m, 10.17.30N 84.04.30W, 4 April 1986, Michael H. Grayum 6765 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: 480-520 m, 10.18.30N 84.04.00W, 8 April 1986, Michael H. Grayum 6871 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 750 m, 10.17.50N 84.04.25W, 5 March 1994, Boyle et al. 2899 (MO, CR). Costa Rica Heredia:, , Thomas B. Croat 35832 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia:, , Thomas B. Croat 35835 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: Río Sarapiquí,, , Moore 6580 (BH).
Costa Rica Heredia: Volcán Barba,, , Burger & Baker 9475 (F, MO). C
osta Rica Heredia: Río El Angel,, , Moore 6613 (BH).
Costa Rica Heredia: Volcán Barba,, , Lent 2637 (CR, F).
Costa Rica Heredia:, , Thomas B. Croat 44518 (CR, F, MO, US).
Costa Rica Heredia: Cerro Zurqui,, , Burger & Baker 9323 (F).
Costa Rica Heredia: 1000 m, 10.16.38N 84.04.57W, 0 *bad date* 0, Brad Boyle 1295 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: P.N. Braulio Carrillo; Cordillera Central, 1750 m, 10.12.47N 84.06.05W, 1 February 1994, Brad Boyle & A. Boyle 2735 (CR).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 850 m, 9.47.40N 83.06.30W, 11 April 1989, Rafael Robles & Abelardo Chacón 2737 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 1900 m, 9.22.45N 83.06.15W, 24 Mar. 1992, Herrera 5475 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 0 m, 09.21.30N 83.14.00W, 19 March 1993, Jens Bittner 1901 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 1000-1500 m, 9.24.00N 83.05.40W, 12 March 1992, Reinaldo Aguilar H. Schmidt 1082 (INB,MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: P.N. Cordillera de Talamanca; Cordillera de Talamanca, 2000 m, 09.22.55N 83.14.10W, 25 March 1993, Alvaro Fernandez 839 (CR).
Costa Rica Lim—n: P.N. Cordillera de Talamanca; Cordillera de Talamanca, 1700 m, 09.23.20N 83.12.20W, 28 March 1993, Alvaro Fernandez 864 (CR).
Costa Rica Lim—n: P.N. Cordillera de Talamanca; Cordillera de Talamanca, 2000 m, 09.21.00N 83.13.20W, 13 March 1993, Gerardo Herrera 5874 (CR).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 1050-1200 m, 08.47N 82.58W, 11 July 1985, Michael H. Grayum 5618 (MO). Costa Rica Puntarenas: Monteverde Reserve,, , Burger & Baker 9676 (F).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: Monteverde Reserve,, , Dryer 423 (CR, F).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: Monteverde Reserve,, , Utley & Utley 2419 (F).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 1100-1200 m, 9.04.30N 83.05.00W, 29 Mar 1984, Gerrit Davidse & G. Herrera Ch. 26250 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 2150 m, 9.00N 82.49W, 25 Aug 1983, G. Davidse et al. 24039 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 1500-1600 m, 9.02N 82.59W, 6 Sep 1984, G. Davidse, G. Herrera Ch. & M.H. Grayum 28400 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 1500-1620 m,, 23 April 1985, Willow Z. Pounds 450 (MO).
Costa Rica San José: 1900 m, 10.9N 85.56W, 30 March 1988, María M. Chavarría, S. Feoli, A. Solís & R. Chacón 126 (MO).
Costa Rica San José: Río La Hondura,, , Burger & Stolze 4921 (CR, F ).
Costa Rica San José:, , Utley & Utley 4994 (DUKE). Costa Rica San José: Río La Hondura,, , Lent 3784 (F).
Costa Rica San José:, , Thomas B. Croat 35243 (MO). Costa Rica San José:, , Thomas B. Croat 35322 (MO).
Costa Rica San José: 1100-1200 m, 10.04N 83.58W, 23 Jan 1983, G. Davidse et al. 23184 (MO).
Costa Rica San José: 1100-1200 m, 10.04N 83.58W, 23 Jan 1983, G. Davidse et al. 23192 (MO).
Costa Rica San José: 1180 m, 10.05.58N 83.58.55W, 1 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat 78814 (CAS, IBE, K, MO, SEL, TEX).
Costa Rica San José: 1100-1200 m, 09.33.30N 84.03.15W, 5 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat 78927 (MO, WU). Costa Rica San José: 990-1100 m, 09.18.24N 83.46.11W, 9 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat & Dylan Hannon 79104 (INB, MO, WU).
Panama : 1450-1480 m, 8.35N 81.50W, 6 July 1988, Thomas B. Croat 69056 (CM,F,MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 590 m, 8.46N 82.14W, 10 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60154 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 700 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 10 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60245 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1200 m, 8.44N 82.17W, 11 March 198, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60375 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 460 m, 08.49N 82.13W, 29 March 1993, Thomas B. Croat 74949 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 950 m, 8.47N 82.12W, 22 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6249 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1000 m, 8.48N 82.12W, 5 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4637 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro:, 20 August 1993, D.W. Roubik, D. Beath & L. Quiroz 1142 .
Panama Chiriquí: 1100-1135 m, 8.43N 82.17W, 8 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60006 (MO). Panama Chiriquí: 1800-1950 m, 8.46N 82.25W, 19 June 1987, Thomas B. Croat 66404 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1200-1300 m, 8.45N 82.18W, 20 June 1987, Thomas B. Croat 66516 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1475-1485 m, 08.30N 81.46W, 30 March 1993, Thomas B. Croat 74998 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1575 m, 08.31N 81.46W, 30 March 1993, Thomas B. Croat 75012 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1165-1200 m, 8.44N 82.14W, 19 Sept. 1987, Thomas B. Croat 67835 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 6 Dec 1985, Gordon McPherson 7801 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 18 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6101 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 18 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6106 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.13W, 8 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4810 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.13W, 8 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4814 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 20 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6161 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 20 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6162 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 20 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6164 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 20 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6165 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 08.45N 82.18W, 24 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76373 (AAU, CM, CR, GB, MEXU, P, MO).
Panama Chiriquí:, 12 April 1997, D.W. Roubik, C. Espinosa & L. Quiroz 769 . Panama Chiriquí:, 7 December 1997, D.W. Roubik & L. Quroz 1282 .
Panama Chiriquí:, 14 September 1993, D.W. Roubik 1259 .
Panama Chiriquí:, 14 September 1993, D.W. Roubik, S. Bard & L. Quiroz 1231 .
Panama CoclŽ: 600-800 m, 08.38N 08.35W, 8 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 77212 (CM, MO, WIS).
Panama CoclŽ: 800 m, 08.39N 80.36W, 31 March 1993, Thomas B. Croat 75080 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 580-740 m, 8.38N 80.36W, 12 Sept. 1987, Thomas B. Croat 67527 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 710-800 m, 89.39N 80.36W, 22 June 1988, Thomas B. Croat 68756 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 700-900 m, 8.38N 80.38W, 27-29 Apr 1985, B. Hammel 13650 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 700-810 m, 08.38N 80.35W, 8 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76744 (MEXU,MO).
Panama Darien: 550-760 m, 7.57N 77.46W, 28 June 1988, Thomas B. Croat 68865 (CM,MO).