Anthurium allenii Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22:66. 1940. tyi'i:: Panama. Code: north rim of El Valle, elev. 800-1,000 m. Alien 1854 (MO).
Anthurium firmum Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 460. 1898. tyi'];: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Canas Gor-das, 1,100 m, Pittier 11130 (B. holotype; BR, CR, isotypes). Anthurium densinervium Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Sysl. 25: 386. 1898. TYPE: Costa Rica. Along Río Hondo near Madre de Dios, elev. 200 m, Piliier 10346 (CR, holotype; B, isotype).

Epiphyte or terrestrial, 30-90 cm tall; stems 1-1.5 cm diam.; the internodes very short; roots short, 3.5 mm diam.; leaf scars obscured by persisting cataphylls; cataphylls 4-7 cm long, drying reddish-brown weathering into coarse fibers.

LEAVES spreading; petioles 15-45 cm long, 3-5 mm diam., obscurely and narrowly flattened adaxially sometimes with a faint medial rib; ge-niculum ca. 1.5 cm long, tinged purplish; blades subcoriaceous, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 20-30(50) cm long, 4-12 cm wide, long-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base; both surfaces semiglossy with black glandular punc-tations, more conspicuously so on lower surface; midrib narrowly and convexly raised above, becoming more acute at apex, prominently raised below; the primary lateral veins 15-25 per side, departing the midrib at 35° angle, sunken in valleys above, raised below; lesser veins obscure; collective vein arising from near ihe base, relatively straight, extending to the apex, 5-15 mm from the margin.

INFLORESCENCE ± erect, shorter than leaves; peduncle 26-60 cm long; spathe green, oblong-lanceolate, 4.3-8.5 cm long, 0.8-1.9 cm wide, broadest at base, abruptly cuspidate at apex; spadix gray- or greenish-white, 4.5-9.5 cm long, 5-7 mm diam. at base, 4-5 mm diam. at apex; flowers rhombic to 4-lobed, 3-3.3 mm long, 3.3-3.6 mm wide, the sides straight to broadly sigmoid; ca. 5 flowers visible in the principal spiral, ca. 8 flowers visible in the alternate spiral; tepals glossy, smooth, the lateral tepals ca. 2 mm long, the inner margin convex; the pistil emergent; stigma green, elliptic, ca. 3 mm long; stamens emerging 1 or 2 at a time, exserted on fleshy, flattened filaments; anthers while, held just above tepals, 0.5-0.8 mm in both directions; thecae not divaricate; pollen white.

INFRUCTESCENCE pendent; spadix to 15 cm long; berries violet-purple, ovoid to globose, ca. 3-5 mm wide; mesocarp pulpy; seeds white, broadly el-lipsoid, to 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, 2 mm thick, flattened. Fig. 93.
 

Anthurium lancifolium ranges from Costa Rica to Colombia (Antioquia and Choco) at elevations of 100 to 1,600 m (especially 800 to 1,200 m) in regions of premontane wet, tropical wet, premontane rain, and lower montane rain forest life zones. It is the most common and widespread species in section Porphyrochitonium and is also one of the most variable. Blades vary in shape from linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate to narrowly ovate with their dried coloration varying from green to olive-green to brown. The species is recognized by its short stems with persistent, weathered cataphylls, frequently terrestrial habit, generally elongate, gradually acuminate, glandular-punctate blades that more or less equal the petiole in length, by the green, lanceolate spathe, and especially by the grayish-whitc, moderately short, weakly tapered spadix that has stamens persisting after anthesis, unlike most species in the section, that promptly retract their stamens. The species is known to have two varieties and more varieties or perhaps even distinct species are expected to be segregated from this variable, wide ranging species as living material of the group is studied in detail. The typical variety has dark violet-purple berries from the beginning of berry maturation, whereas the variety albifructum has berries that are white before maturity becoming faintly purple-violet at the base at maturity. Leaves of variety albifruclum also differ from those of the typical variety found on Cerro Colorado where they occur together. Those of variety albifructum are narrowly ovate, rather than lanceolate, and dry yellowish-green on the lower surface. Most blades of the typical lancifolium dry rather dark. Anthurium lancifolium is similar to A. aureum Engl. of South America, which has leaves drying golden green beneath. 

Map of Mesoamerican specimens with coordinates

Costa Rica :, August 1996, Thomas B. Croat 78418 (MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 840-950 m, 10.16N 84.12W, 22 Jan 1986, M. H.Grayum, P. Sleeper, T. Ray, C. Alvarado, A. R. Smith & T. Béliz 6177 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: 1260 m, 09.55N 83.48W, 15 November 1987, Michael Grayum & Barry Hammel 8451 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: 1350 m, 09.47N 83.48W, 6 Aug 1984, Michael H. Grayum & Pam Sleeper 3675 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: 1350 m, 09.47.00N 83.47.30W, 26 Aug 1984, Michael H. Grayum 3884 (MO).
Costa Rica Cartago: 1350 m, 09.47N 83.48W, 29 Sep 1984, Michael Grayum 3932 (MO).
Costa Rica Guanacaste: Monteverde, 1100 m, 10.25N 84.53W, 9 Sep 1987, Haber & Bello 7482 (CR).
Costa Rica Heredia: P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 1150 m,, 23 Jan 1983, Garwood et al. 415 (BM).
Costa Rica Heredia: 110 m, 10.26N 84.03W, 20 July 1984, Michael H. Grayum & George Schatz 3575 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: 950-1150 m, 10.17N 84.05W, 11 Nov 1986, Michael H. Grayum, Gerardo Herrera & Manuel Santana 7784 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: 100 m, 10.25.30N 84.01.30W, 19 July 1990, Helen Kennedy & Barry Hammel 4536 (MO).
Costa Rica Heredia: Finca La Selva, 100 m,, , Jacobs & Smith 2590 (DUKE).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 1200-1300 m, 09.24.15N 83.05.05W, 6 March 1992, Jens Bittner 1425 (CR, INB, MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 1200-1300 m, 09.24.15N 83.05.05W, 6 March 1992, Jens Bittner 1445 (INB, MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 400 m, 10.12N 83.54W, 19 July 1984, Michael H. Grayum, George Schatz & Pam Sleeper 3555 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 80-160 m, 10.06.00N 83.28.30W, 4 Oct 1986, Michael H. Grayum, Nelson Zamora & José Berrocal 7693 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 200 m, 10.02N 83.26W, 4 September 1988, Michael Grayum, Gerardo Herrera & Rafael Robles 8741 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 1300-1400 m, 09.24.15N 83.05.05W, 9 March 1992, Jens Bittner 1510 (CR, INB, MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 200 m, 9.31.30N 82.55.30W, 25 June 1989, Barry Hammel Abelardo Chacón & Gerardo Herrera 17522 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: Cordillera de Talamanca, 1100-1150 m, 09.46.30N 83.20.00W, 13 Aug 1995, Grayum 10925 (CR, INB, MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 500 m, 8.30.50N 83.27W, 22 Nov. 1990, Herrera 4633 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 400 m, 8.38N 83.35W, 22 January 1991, Gustavo Induni 135 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 400 m, 8.38N 83.35W, 22 January 1991, Geovanny Cordero 153 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: R.F. Golfo Dulce; Península de Osa, 200-350 m, 08.39.35N 83.33.15W, 25 April 1993, Reinaldo Aguilar 1768 (CR).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: Fila Costeña, 800-950 m, 08.49.24N 83.11.48W, 9 December 1993, Michael Grayum, B. Hammel, R. Aguilar & J. Gómez 10635 (CR, MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: R.F. Golfo Dulce; Península de Osa, 450 m, 08.38.45N 83.35.25W, 24 July 1990, Gerardo Herrera 4036 (CR, MO).
Costa Rica San José:, 23 Feb.-4 Mar. 1982, Ocampo, R. 3503 (CR).
Costa Rica San José: 1100-1200 m, 09.33.30N 84.03.15W, 5 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat 78963 (INB, MO).
Nicaragua Boaco:, 11 mayo 1982, Juan C. Sandino 2835 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 400 - 609 m, 11.01N 084.12W, 6 Enero 1997, Ricardo Rueda, Indiana Coronado, Oscar Aráuz & Franklin Flores 5449 (MO).
Nicaragua Rivas: ca. 1200 m, 11.26N 85.30W, 3 junio 1985, Walter Robleto 2041 (MO).
Panama : 1450-1480 m, 8.35N 81.50W, 6 July 1988, Thomas B. Croat 69060 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 700 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 10 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60267 (MO). Panama Bocas del Toro: 700 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 10 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60285 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1200 m, 8.44N 82.17W, 11 March 198, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60358 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 700 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 12 Feb. 1986, Gordon McPherson 8426 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1150-1200 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 3 Dec 1985, Gordon McPherson 7700 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1150-1200 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 3 Dec 1985, Gordon McPherson 7717 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 850-950 m, 08.40.04N 79.50.04W, 25 Feb 1987, Gordon McPherson 10551 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1150 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 22 Oct. 1985, Gordon McPherson 7216 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1220-1250 m, 8.35N 81.45W, 13 April 1986, Gordon McPherson 8864 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1150 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 22 Oct. 1985, Gordon McPherson 7240 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1150 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 22 Oct. 1985, Gordon McPherson 7243 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 500-700 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 27 May 1988, Gordon McPherson 12545 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 650 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 25 Oct. 1985, Gordon McPherson 7346 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 825 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 25 Oct. 1985, Gordon McPherson 7348 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1200-1400 m, 8.47N 82.13W, 18 June 1984, H.W. Churchill 5541 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1200-1400 m, 8.47N 82.13W, 18 June 1984, H.W. Churchill 5542 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 650 m, 8.47N 82.11W, 22 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6208 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 650 m, 8.47N 82.11W, 22 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6216 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1000 m, 8.48N 82.12W, 5 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4615 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1000 m, 8.48N 82.12W, 5 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4616 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1000 m, 8.48N 82.12W, 5 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4625 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1000 m, 8.48N 82.12W, 5 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4629 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1000 m, 8.48N 82.12W, 5 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4633 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: Fortuna Dam Area, 1300 m, 8.43N 82.14W, 23 Feb 1985, Hampshire & Whitefoord 2 (BM).
Panama Chiriquí: Fortuna Dam Area, 1300 m, 8.43N 82.14W, 23 Feb. 1985, Hampshire & Whitefoord 28 (BM).
Panama Chiriquí: Fortuna Dam Area, 1300 m, 8.43N 82.14W, 23 Feb. 1985, Hampshire & Whitefoord 29 (BM).
Panama Chiriquí: 1200 m,, 7 February 1985, Henk van der Werff & Cor van Hardeveld 6616 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m,, 8 February 1985, Henk van der Werff & Cor van Hardeveld 6718 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100-1135 m, 8.43N 82.17W, 8 March 1985, Croat & Grayum 60059 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 80 m, 8.50N 82.10W, 9 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60113 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1630-1780 m, 8.46N 82.25W, 18 June 1987, Thomas B. Croat 66394 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100-1200 m, 8.45N 82.18W, 21 June 1987, Thomas B. Croat 66583 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1200 m, 08.44N 81.17W, 29 March 1993, Thomas B. Croat 74967 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1200 m, 8.43N 82.14W, 14 June 1984, H.W. Churchill 5383 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.13W, 8 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4919 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.13W, 8 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4920 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 18 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6076 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 18 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6099 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 18 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6102 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.14W, 18 Sept. 1984, H.W. Churchill & A. Churchill 6103 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1200-1500 m, 8.47N 82.13W, 25 May 1984, H.W. Churchill 5304 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.13W, 8 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4825 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.13W, 8 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4829 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 08.44N 82.17W, 23 June 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76329 (CM, MO, OOM, TEX, WIS).
Panama Chiriquí: 08.45N 82.18W, 24 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76393 .
Panama Chiriquí:, 7 December 1997, D.W. Roubik & L. Quroz 1286 .
Panama Chiriquí: 1200-1500 m,, 18 Aug 1975, S. Mori & R. Dressler 7846 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 900-1000 m, 8.37N 80.08W, 13 July 1987, Thomas B. Croat 67232 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 710-800 m, 89.39N 80.36W, 22 June 1988, Thomas B. Croat 68703 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 89.39N 80.36W, 23 June 1988, Thomas B. Croat 68819 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 600 m, 8.37N 80.07W, 26 Nov. 1985, Gordon McPherson 7643 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 700-750 m, 8.38N 80.35W, 27 Nov. 1985, Gordon McPherson 7686 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 1000-1100 m, 8.37N 80.7W, 24 February 1988, Gordon McPherson 12145 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 500 m, 8.42N 80.28W, 12 Jan. 1986, Gordon McPherson 7973 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 200-400 m, 8.42.43N 80.37.15W, 3 Feb 1983, G. Davidse & C.W. Hamilton 23499 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 200-400 m, 8.42.43N 80.37.15W, 3 Feb 1983, G. Davidse & C.W. Hamilton 23585 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 200-400 m, 8.42.43N 80.37.15W, 3 Feb 1983, G. Davidse & C.W. Hamilton 23586 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 200-400 m, 8.42.43N 80.37.15W, 3 Feb 1983, G. Davidse & C.W. Hamilton 23629 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 130-250 m, 8.46.44N 80.31.54W, 7 Feb 1983, G. Davidse & C.W. Hamilton 23721 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 800 m, 8.38N 80.17W, 16 Nov. 1983, H.W. Churchill 3892 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 200 m, 8.47N 80.28W, 16 Dec. 1983, H.W. Churchill, A. Lier, W.S. Armbruster & A. Herzig 4129B (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 770 m, 08.38N 80.35W, 12 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76777 (MO, NY).
Panama Darien: 700-1000 m, 08.00N 77.45W, 7 Febrero 1991, H. Herrera, L. Rojas y N. Bristán Jr. 873 (MO).
Panama Darien: 1000-1060 m,, 7 Febrero 1991, H. Herrera, L. Rojas y N. Bristán Jr. 884 (MO).
Panama Darien: 800-1050 m, 7.56N 77.45W, 29 June 1988, Thomas B. Croat 68947 (MO,SCZ, WU).
Panama Darien: 550-1030 m, 8.00N 77.45W, 29 March 1985, Gordon McPherson 7047 (MO).
Panama Darien: 1300-1400 m, 08.04.30N 77.14.00W, 21 octubre 1987, Hermes Cuadros, B. Hammel, G. deNevers y H. Herrera 3920 (MO).
Panama Darien: 1140 m,, 30 March 1985, W.G. D'Arcy & G. McPherson 16186 (MO).
Panama Darien: Parque Nacional del Darién, 1250-1500 m, 8.04.30N 77.14.00W, 20-26 Oct. 1987, Greg de Nevers, H. Cuadros, B. Hammel & H. Herrera 8470 (CAS, MO).
Panama Darien: 700 m,, , Whitefoord & Eddy 473 (BM).
Panama Darien: 1330 - 1520 m,, 19 Apr. 1980, Gentry et al. 28720 (COL).
Panama Panamá:, 16 February 1985, Henk van der Werff & Cor van Hardeveld 6983 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 800-1000 m, 8.40N 79.55W, 23 July 1983, C. Hamilton, K. Krager, J. Miller & L. Miller 4088 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 800-1000 m, 8.40N 79.55W, 23 July 1983, C. Hamilton, K. Krager, J. Miller & L. Miller 4089 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 300 m, 9.16N 78.57W, 26 Oct. 1983, H.W. Churchill 3808 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 550 m, 9.43N 78.68W, 15 March 1985, Thomas B. Croat 60503 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 850 m, 9.18N 79.16W, 25 April 1985, Greg de Nevers, H.Herrera, B.Hammel & S.Charnley 5544 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 350 m, 9.19N 78.55W, 13 March 1985, Greg de Nevers & H. Herrera 5179 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 350 m,, 11 Jan 1985, Greg de Nevers & H. Herrera 4502 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 350 m, 09.20N 78.58O, 2 Julio 1994, C. Galdames et al. 1230 (US).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1100 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 15 July 1983, C. Hamilton & K. Krager 3932 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1100 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 15 July 1983, C. Hamilton & K. Krager 3933 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1100 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 15 July 1983, C. Hamilton & K. Krager 3961 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1100 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 15 July 1983, C. Hamilton & K. Krager 3963 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1100 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 15 July 1983, C. Hamilton & K. Krager 3964 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1000 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 20 Feb. 1983, C. Hamilton & R. Dressler 2997 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1000 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 20 Feb. 1983, C. Hamilton & R. Dressler 2998 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1000 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 20 Feb. 1983, C. Hamilton & R. Dressler 3025 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1000 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 20 Feb. 1983, C. Hamilton & R. Dressler 3041 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-950 m, 8.33N 81.08W, 29 June 1987, Thomas B. Croat 66999 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1030 m,, 15 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76905 (CAS, GB, MO).

Map of South American Specimens with coordinates

Colombia Antioquia: La Piñuela, 700-900 m, 6.2N 75.8W, 27 Sept. 1991, Canas 635 (MO).
Colombia Antioquia: Río Anorí Valley, 400-700 m, 07.13N 75.03W, 6 Nov 1974, Denslow 2446A (WIS).
Colombia Antioquia: 950 m, 06.35N 76.50W, 29 February 1992, Al Gentry, C. Barbosa & D. Cardenas 75921 (MO).
Colombia Antioquia: 700 - 900 m, 06.02N 075.08W, 27 Sept. 1991, Giraldo, D. 635 (HUA).
Colombia Choco: 1200 - 1800 m,, 08 Jan. 1973, Gentry & Forero 7355 (COL).
Colombia Putumayo: Río San Miguel, 400 m,, 11 Dec. 1940, Cuatrecasas 10963 (COL).
Colombia Valle del Cauca: 1350 m,, 3 Oct. 1974, Maas & Plowman 1848 (COL).
Ecuador Pichincha: 1440 m,, 4 Sept. 1976, Croat 38900 (MO, SEL).