Anthurium ravenii Croat & Baker,

Brenesia 16(Supl. I): 75. 1979. TYPE: Panama. Panama: N of Tocumen airport on road to Cerro Jefe, 2.5 mi. N ofLago Cerro Azul, ca. 700m, Croat 11529 (MO 2205477, holotype; F, K, NY, PMA, UC, US, VEN, isotypes; Live at MO).

Epiphytic; stem 1.5-2.5 cm diam., often to 40 cm long; cataphylls drying brown, remaining intact, soon deciduous; petioles 19-70 cm long, 6-10 mm diam., subterete, obscurely and narrowly sulcate (the sulcus less than 1 mm wide); blades moderately thick, ovate-triangular, prominently lobed at base, 30-75 cm long, 16-40 cm wide. Inflorescence erect-spreading; peduncles 15-40 cm long, 7-8 mm diam., terete, sometimes weakly ribbed on adaxial side, running the full length of the peduncle (continuous to the decurrent spathe); spathe greenish white to pale green, sometimes tinged purplish at base, oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, moderately thin, 8-18 cm long, 2.5-5.8 cm wide; spadix cream, white to pale green, usually sessile (rarely with a stipe 2-10 mm long), 8.5-24 cm long, 12-15 mm diam. at base; berries bright red, usually white in lower half, narrowly ovoid; seeds 2. See Croat (1983: 362) for a more complete description.

Anthurium ravenii ranges from Honduras to the Pacific slope of Ecuador. It usually occurs in tropical wet and premontane wet forest from near sea level to 1,000 m, but it has also been found in tropical moist forest in Darien Province in Panama.

The species is a member of section Calomystrium and is unusual in having an orbicular, brushy, elevated stigma rather than a slit-like depressed stigma (in dried material, a darkened slit-like area becomes visible). Distinguishing features include major veins that dry reddish brown, a weak and brittle spathe, a scarcely tapered, whitish spadix, bluntly rounded at the apex, usually long-exserted stamens, and bright red berries.

Map of Mesoamerican specimens with coordinates

Costa Rica Alajuela: 80-100 m, 10.43N 84.48W, 4 Aug 1949, Holm & Iltis 842 (G).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 10.28N 84.30W, 9 April 1983, Ronald Liesner 14098 (CR,K,MO).
Costa Rica Alajuela: 700 m, 10.34.05N 84.54.00W, 30 April 1983, Ronald Liesner, E. Judziewicz & B. Pérez G. 15100 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 10-40 m, 10.40N 83.40W, 13-14 Sep 1986, Warren Douglas Stevens 24290 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 20-170 m, 10.41N 83.38W, 15-20 Sep 1986, Warren Douglas Stevens 24408 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 5 m, 09.38N 82.39W, 2 Nov 1984, Michael Grayum & Willie Burton 4306 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 12 m, 10.38N 83.45W, 22 April 1990, Michael Grayum 9825 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 300 m, 9.25.10N 83.03.00W, 25 February 1992, Reinaldo Aguilar H. Schmidt 998 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 70 m, 10.27N 83.34W, 3 February 1988, Rafael Robles 1600 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: 40 m, 10.28N 83.34W, 15 March 1988, Rafael Robles 1744 (MO).
Costa Rica Lim—n: R.N.F.S. Barra del Colorado; Llanura de Tortuguero, 50 m, 10.38.38N 83.44.10W, 15 January 1994, Flor Araya & J. Corrales 468 (CR). Costa Rica Puntarenas: 200 m, 08.42N 83.34W, 8 Oct 1984, M. Grayum 4078 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 150-260 m, 8.41N 83.32W, 3 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 59784 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 100 m, 8.41N 83.12W, 6 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 59927 (CR, MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 30 m, 8.11N 83.12W, 15 Sept. 1987, Thomas B. Croat 67628 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 0 m, 8.27N 83.33W, 26 July 1988, C. Kernan & P. Phillips 723 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: Parque Nacional Corcovado, 150-650 m, 08.27N 83.33W - 08.30N 83.38W, 22 May 1988, C. Kernan & P. Phillips 489 (CR, MO). Costa Rica Puntarenas: 1-50 m, 8.28N 83.35W, 27 May 1989, C. Kernan & P. Phillips 1143 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 1-50 m, 8.28N 83.35W, 26 June 1989, C. Kernan 1194 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 1-20 m, 8.28N 83.35W, 20 June 1990, Gustavo Maass 77 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 200 m, 8.44N 83.32W, 15 July 1991, Juan Marín 11 (MO, CR).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 300 m, 8.33N 83.35W, 30 May 1988, Barry Hammel G. Herrera, M.M. Chavarría & A. Solís 16889 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: Corcovado National Park, 08.29N 83.35W, , Alverson 2110 (WIS).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 200 m, 8.38N 83.25W, 1 October 1990, Fco. Quesada 211 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: R.B. Carara; Valle del Tárcoles, 50 m, 09.46N 84.36W, 27 July 1990, Erick Bello 2379 (CR, MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: 4000 ft,, 28 Feb 1976, Thomas B. Croat 32897 (MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: <50 m, 08.41.20N 83.29.50W, 11 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat & Dylan Hannon 79254 (INB, MO).
Costa Rica Puntarenas: P.N. Corcovado, 200 m, 08.34N 83.31W, 2 June 1994, Aguilar, R. 3312 (INB).
Costa Rica San José: 460-520 m, 09.45.00N 84.33.30W, 26 June 1985, Michael H. Grayum, Richard Warner & Pam Sleeper 5470 (MO).
Costa Rica San José: 350 m, 9.42.06N 84.23.35W, 29 July 1992, J.F. Morales 302 (MO).
Costa Rica San José: Z.P. La Cangreja; Faja Costeña del Valle de Parrita, 200 m, 09.40.48N 84.22.25W, 28 May 1994, J.F. Morales 2816 (CR).
Costa Rica San José: 1000 m,, 22 May 1976, CROAT 35264 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: 70-100 m, 11.03N 84.27W, 14 marzo 1987, Pedro P. Moreno 26747 (MO).
Nicaragua Río San Juan: Municipio San Juan del Norte, 10.46N 83.46W, 8 Julio 1995, Ricardo Rueda, Blas Hernández y Edith Palma 2695 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: Col—nia Yolaina, 300 m, 11.38N 84.21W, 13 Aug. 1982, Araquistain, M. 3108 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 10 m, 11.33N 84.02W, 11 noviembre 1981, P.P.Moreno & J.C.Sandino 12849 (MO).
Nicaragua Zelaya: 10 m, 11.57N 84.16W, 16 May 1978, W.D. Stevens 8847 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 150-200 m, 11.49N 84.26W, 20 May 1978, W.D. Stevens 9017 .
Nicaragua Zelaya: 200-300 m, 11.36-37N 84.22W, 29-31 October 1977, W.D. Stevens 4836 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1200 m, 8.44N 82.17W, 11 March 198, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60345 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1100-1750 m, 8.35N 81.54W, 27-31 Mar 1986, Barry Hammel & J. Trainer 14976 (MO).
Panama Bocas del Toro: 1000 m, 8.48N 82.12W, 5 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4642 (MO).
Panama Canal Area:, 12 Jul 1966, Tyson et al. 4494 (FSU).
Panama Canal Area: Río Pequeni, 260 f,, 24 August 1940, Orig. coll. by Bartlett & Lasser Fairchild 104 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100-1135 m, 8.43N 82.17W, 8 March 1985, T.B. Croat & M.H. Grayum 60004 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100-1200 m, 8.45N 82.18W, 21 June 1987, Thomas B. Croat 66585 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1165-1200 m, 8.44N 82.14W, 19 Sept. 1987, Thomas B. Croat 67838 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1130 m, 8.44.00N 82.14.35W, 20 Sept. 1987, Thomas B. Croat 67868 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 8.46N 82.16W, 23 Sept. 1987, Thomas B. Croat 68025 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 10 Feb. 1986, Gordon McPherson 8383 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1150 m, 8.45N 82.15W, 23 Oct. 1985, Gordon McPherson 7285 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1100 m, 8.45N 82.13W, 8 Feb. 1984, H.W. Churchill, G. de Nevers & H. Stockwell 4813 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 1200 m, 8.42N 82.14W, 16 June 1984, H.W. Churchill 5468 (MO).
Panama Chiriquí: 08.45N 82.18W, 24 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76365A (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 200-400 m,, 3 Feb. 1983, C. Hamilton & G. Davidse 2670 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 775 m, 08.36N 80.07W, 25 March 1993, Thomas B. Croat 74778 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 89.39N 80.36W, 23 June 1988, Thomas B. Croat 68827 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: Atlantic slope, 750-900 m,, 20 Jan. 1978, Thomas B. Croat 44725 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 850-900 m, 08.37N 80.07W, 12 July 1987, Gordon McPherson 11221 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 200-400 m, 8.42.43N 80.37.15W, 3 Feb 1983, G. Davidse & C.W. Hamilton 23523 (MO).
Panama CoclŽ: 200 m, 8.47N 80.28W, 17 Dec. 1983, H.W. Churchill, A. Lier, W.S. Armbruster & A. Herzig 4168 (MO).
Panama Col—n: 25 m, 09.30.04N 79.40.04W, 4 March 1987, Gordon McPherson 10600 (MO).
Panama Col—n: < 100 m., 09.27N 79.40W, 19 June 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76234 (MO).
Panama Col—n: 30-100 m, 09.30N 79.30W, 22 September 1996, Thomas B. Croat 79360 .
Panama Darien: 110 m, 08.01N 77.44W, 26 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 77088 (MO, US).
Panama Darien: Parque Nacional Darien, 500-700 m, 7.58N 78.23W, 25 May 1991, Hensold 1131 (MO).
Panama Darien: 0-80 m, 8.0N 77.48W, 1 July 1988, Thomas B. Croat 68966 (MO).
Panama Darien: 550-830 m, 7.58N 78.23W, 25 May 1991, Gordon McPherson 15383 (MO).
Panama Darien: 70-270 m, 8.01N 77.44W, 08 October 1987, B. Hammel H. Herrera & G. de Nevers 16105 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 800-900 m, 8.40N 79.55W, 25 Aug. 1994, Correa & Montenegro 10758 (STRI).
Panama Panamá: 800-1000 m, 8.40N 79.55W, 23 July 1983, C. Hamilton, K. Krager, J. Miller & L. Miller 4086 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 800 m, 08.41N 79.56W, 23 March 1993, Thomas B. Croat 74764 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 450 m, 09.18N 79.59W, 3 April 1993, Thomas B. Croat 75117 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 370 m, 9.16N 78.57W, 11 February 1986, Scott Hoover 1312 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 450 m, 09.18N 79.59W, 3 April 1993, Thomas B. Croat 75139 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 700-750 m, 9.15N 79.25W, 19 June 1988, Thomas B. Croat 68667 (MO).
Panama Panamá: 770 m, 09.15N 79.29W, 4 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76621 (MO, WIS).
Panama Panamá: 770 m, 09.15N 79.29W, 4 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76636 .
Panama San Blas: 300 m, 09.20N 79.00W, 20 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 77024 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 300-350 m, 09.15N 79.00W, 28 March 1987, Gordon McPherson 10781 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 350 m, 9.19N 78.55W, 11 March 1986, Greg de Nevers, Heraclio Herrera & Stephanie Kaza 7361 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 400-500 m, 9.20N 79.08W, 5 Feb. 1986, Greg de Nevers & H. Herrera 7003 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 350 m, 9.19N 78.55W, 5 March 1985, Greg de Nevers, H. Herrera & S. Charnley 4989 (MO).
Panama San Blas: 50-60 m, 09.15.5N 78.15W, 11 Julio 1994, Heraclio Herrera 1665 (MO,PMA,STRI).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1100 m, 8.35N 81.05W, 15 July 1983, C. Hamilton & K. Krager 3937 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 800-950 m, 8.33N 81.08W, 29 June 1987, Thomas B. Croat 67001 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 870 m, 8.33N 81.05W, 17 February 1986, Scott Hoover 1322 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: 10 m, 08.50N 81.00W, 6 August 1987, Gordon McPherson 11388 (MO).
Panama Veraguas: Santa Fe area, 3600-4000 ft.,, 29 June 1980, António 4968 (U).
Panama Veraguas: 800-1030 m,, 15 July 1994, Thomas B. Croat & Guanghua Zhu 76927 (MO).